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This enhances the size of their average transaction in these nodes' view, thereby increasing the block size without incurring the hard fork signaled by additional suggestions for block size increases. Consequently, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the true block capability depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the proportion of signature information.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are used, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white paper which:"The root problem with conventional currencies is all of the hope thats needed to make it operate. The central bank has to be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money provided by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, particularly with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he advocates a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were drawn to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"Initially, almost everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a fantastic concept, as a means to separate money from your state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist job to create an online version of money, a means for individuals to transact with no prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd argues in The Social Life of Bitcoin the essence of the bitcoin ideology would be to eliminate money from social, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd quotes a YouTube video, together with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie additional info Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia says that the notions influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements like the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, that owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"tumultuous populism.

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It's revolutionary. "130.

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But, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data that this was linked to libertarianism.131

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Bitcoin is an electronic asset designed to work in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three attributes useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they are"difficult to earn, limited in supply and simple to confirm".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 But this is debated,136 and a 2018 assessment by The Economist found that cryptocurrencies met none of those 3 standards.126.

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According to study by Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, the majority of them for bitcoin. The number of users has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 about 1.3 million users.12

The overwhelming bulk of bitcoin transactions occur on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes make bitcoin use very difficult in a retail setting. Rates are not usually quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments may employ payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among major online retailers included only three of the top 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the biggest 17 crypto merchant-processing services handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not actually usable" for retail transactions due to high prices and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher supplied by Bloomberg. High price volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.